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What are the rules of war? And how do they apply to Israel's actions in Gaza?_我的网站

A |     Six days after a brutal attack by armed Hamas militants on Israeli civilians, Israel ordered an evacuation of more than 1 million Palestinians in northern Gaza ahead of what could be an unprecedented ground offensive there against Hamas."We are going to destroy Hamas infrastructures, Hamas headquarters, Hamas military," vowed Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant as airstrikes were underway.The U.S. and other nations have repeatedly warned Israel to follow the "rules of war."But what are they? And will they prevent civilians from being hurt?Here's what to know about international humanitarian laws and how they might apply in the Israeli-Hamas conflict in Gaza.

Is Israel bound by the rules of war?

Yes.Israel has promised to abide by international humanitarian law including those under the Geneva Convention that seeks to minimize the impact on civilians, provide aid to the wounded on the battlefield, and not to mistreat prisoners of war.In general, the U.S. military and Israeli Defense Force also rely on similar rules of engagement in military operations.Israel insists it follows the rules of war and always has.But there is disagreement by international groups about exactly what qualifies as a violation in a country's quest to defend itself against terror attacks, as well as whether Israel could be prosecuted through the International Criminal Court -- an entity Israel doesn't recognize.Officials at the United Nations and European Union have accused Israel of already violating its promise not to harm civilians by cutting water and electricity to all of Gaza residents, including to hospitals. They also say it's impossible to ensure the safety of so many civilians by giving only 24 hours to evacuate to avoid the fighting.Palestinian health authorities estimate 1,799 civilians have been killed in Israeli airstrikes, including 583 children, following Hamas' attacks that have killed at least 1,300 Israelis.Ravina Shamdasani, spokesperson for the Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human rights, said Hamas' brutality doesn't "liberate" Israel from adhering to international humanitarian laws."It is absolutely crucial that Israeli leaders and global leaders make it unambiguously clear that international humanitarian law is an obligation. It is not optional, and that military operations must be conducted in full compliance with international law," she said.President Joe Biden said he delivered that message directly to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu this week, later telling reporters "that it is really important that Israel, with all the anger and frustration … they operate by the rules of war.""And there are rules of war," Biden added.

How would the rules apply in this conflict? Would civilians be spared?

Avoiding harm to civilians though can fall into a gray area, particularly when it comes to a massive ground operation unfolding on a remarkably narrow strip of land. Gaza is among the most populated areas on Earth, roughly 7.5 miles at its widest and 25 miles long with some 2 million inhabitants.Eric Oehlerich, a retired Navy SEAL and ABC News contributor, said that even with sophisticated weaponry, such an operation would be extraordinarily difficult to carry out with no civilians harmed."There isn't a force in the world that can deal with 40,000 (enemy) soldiers interspersed with civilians in that densely populated area" and have "zero" civilian deaths, said Oehlerich."It's impossible," he added.One question will be what constitutes a valid military target, said Mick Mulroy, a former deputy assistant secretary of defense for the Middle East and retired CIA paramilitary operations officer.Israel says that Hamas -- which doesn't abide by humanitarian laws in its deliberate attack on civilians last week -- uses Palestinian civilians and hospitals as shields."If Hamas holds up in a building -- whether it's a hospital or mosque -- it becomes a valid military target," said Mulroy, also an ABC contributor. "That said, every reasonable step should be taken to eliminate or reduce civilian casualties (and) has to be done."

What does all this mean for hostages held by Hamas and US citizens inside Gaza?

Oehlerich, who has participated in military operations to free hostages, said getting those hostages out using military force will also be extraordinarily tough. That's because Hamas will likely have gone to great lengths to hide the hostages, including possibly rigging secret tunnels or even the hostages themselves with explosives.Oehlerich said success is more likely to come through backchannel negotiations with countries like Egypt and Qatar.Israeli officials say its special operations forces have been operating inside Gaza in past days trying to locate hostages. The US is also working the Red Cross and the UN to establish "safe zones" for foreign nationals to leave, including Americans located within Palestine, according to a senior State Department official.Beyond that, questions remain on how many innocent people will be hurt or killed inside Gaza. When asked by a reporter Friday what worries him most about the Israeli ground invasion, Biden had a one-word answer."Death," he said.ABC News' Shannon Crawford, William Gretsky and Mary Bruce contributed to this report.。

B |     AI摘要      台风“简拉维”在泉州登陆后减弱，今日白天有暴雨到大暴雨，明后天雨势渐弱转多云。虽降雨趋缓，仍需警惕持续降水引发的次生灾害，注意防范出行交通安全风险，确保人身安全。         第20号台风“简拉维”昨日中午在泉州台商投资区张坂镇沿海登陆后，继续向西北方向移动，强度逐渐减弱。泉州市气象台预计，受减弱的低压环流影响，今日白天我市有暴雨到大暴雨，今日夜间到明日白天转为中到大雨，明日夜间到后天白天则由阵雨转多云。

C | 虽然雨势逐步减弱，但仍需注意防范出行交通安全风险以及持续降水引发的次生灾害。         24日中午，持续降雨让市区丰海路部分路段积水，车辆经过溅起“水墙”。（陈晓东 摄）          大树折断压到小车（网友供图）          昨日下午，泉州承天寺内出现积水。

D | （ 王柏峰 摄）     持续降雨     部分路段积水     昨日，中心市区从早到晚几乎未停歇地笼罩在连绵雨幕之中。记者走访多处路段，见到许多行人在雨中艰难前行的身影，部分低洼路段更出现短暂积水。    在丰泽区刺桐路和丰海路，雨点密集敲打地面，溅起细碎水花。行人紧握伞柄，顶着雨前行；骑车人披着雨衣压低身子，双脚不时点地保持平衡。尽管雨具遮身，但持续的急雨仍将多数人的鞋面与裤脚浸得湿透。    在丰海路和中环城一些路段，路面凹处积起深浅不一的水洼，积水沿着斜坡哗哗奔涌，汇入排水口时卷起小小漩涡。偶有车辆疾驰碾过，瞬间激起一道水幕，白花花的水珠溅向两旁。    此外，昨日还有群众发视频反映，晋江英林民生路、永和邵厝邵氏家庙、石狮振兴路、南安石井延平大道掉头路口和支五路路口、成功收费站进出口等处均因降雨出现不同程度积水。    昨日14时30分许，晋江社马路往石狮方向英墩路口处，一棵大树拦腰折断，粗大枝干砸中一辆行驶中的轿车，车内有人员被困。晋江永和消防救援专职队接警赶到现场，确认车内有3人被困，所幸均未受伤。消防员一边安抚被困人员，一边用油锯清理树枝、破除障碍，10分钟后成功打开车门。3人仅受惊吓，安然无恙。    据市气象台统计，受热带辐合带和台风“简拉维”共同影响，20日起我市出现分散性大雨到暴雨，部分乡镇有大暴雨。统计20日8时—24日15时累计雨量，全市共有149个乡镇≥50毫米，其中84个乡镇≥100毫米，以丰泽泉秀街道234.3毫米为最大；最大小时雨量为南安石井镇80.1毫米。    泉金航线停航     在建水工项目停工     记者从泉州海事局了解到，该局于24日17时将海上防台风应急响应从Ⅲ级调整为Ⅳ级，继续筑牢海上防台风防线。

E | 同时，围绕防台风关键环节逐项落实精准管控措施，及时向客运企业和船舶发布预警信息，督促其根据气象条件调整航班，目前泉金航线、肖厝—惠屿渡运航线已停航；辖区18个在建水工项目全部停止作业，有序撤离作业人员，引导施工船舶安全转移至避风水域；对小型船舶实施禁止离港措施，并按照“一船一策”原则督促落实防台方案。

F | 此外，通过VTS、VHF等手段加强锚地、航道及码头船舶监控，提醒在航船舶选择安全水域避风，维护锚泊秩序，防范锚地饱和风险；对渡口码头、通航环境和助航标志进行全面排查，及时消除安全隐患。（融媒体记者 杨泳红 许雅玲 通讯员 黎盼）     相关提醒     暴雨天出行注意事项     远离危险区域     下凹式立交桥或涵洞：短时强降雨易造成低洼区深积水，车辆和行人误入可能发生淹溺。若车辆熄火或水位达轮胎一半，应果断弃车逃生。    河道/滩涂/溪谷/泄洪区：汛期严禁在临水地带露营、垂钓、戏水或长时间驻留。一旦发现水势异动、水声轰鸣，应立刻向两侧高处撤离，切勿贪恋财物。    临水/临崖路段：雨天路面湿滑，持续降雨易引发滑坡、崩塌、泥石流，行车途经应注意减速控距，观察山体状况，切勿强行通过危险路段。    积水路面/井盖旁：存在触电、坠井风险。避开变压器、电线杆等区域，警惕井盖、下水道和排污井。

G | 若发现路面有漩涡，务必绕行。    危旧住房/低洼宅院：警惕墙体裂缝、土块掉落、树木或电线杆无故倾斜等情况。勿在危旧住房、厂房、临时建筑室内或周围停留。低洼区居民应根据预警情况随时做好转移准备。    地下车库/地下室：警惕雨水倒灌。可提前转移车辆和贵重物品，发现进水后快速撤离，切勿乘坐电梯。

H |     驾车出行指南     降车速：降低车速，尽量避免急踩刹车，以防侧滑失控。    转弯慢：转弯速度要慢，打方向盘轻柔，过弯后再恢复正常车速。

I |     不超车：减少来回并线和超车，尽量跟车行驶。    拉大车距：适当拉大与前车距离，避免并排行驶。    正确使用灯光：开启示廓灯和近光灯，让其他交通参与者注意到自身车辆。

J |     小心积水路段：观察水深，参照前车通行情况（大型车不宜作为参考），通过时要慢速，防止水花倒灌发动机。    步行注意事项     避开漩涡：绕行井盖、下水道等区域。    重心后置：双臂前伸，重心后移，用脚尖扫动探路。    结伴同行：一人探路，另一人抓住其裤腰，虚步前进。    远离电力设备：避开广告牌、变压器、电线杆等，若涉水时脚下发麻，应立即止步并退回。（杨泳红 辑）。

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